Centrik sites can be configured to use SIRA as a methodology for risk assessments.
SIRA is a risk assessment tool for safety issues, that are identified after the data analysis of events by considering four factors instead of the severity x likelihood formula.
A limitation of the severity x likelihood formula is that it does not support any barriers in place (i.e. the Risk Controls).
SIRA provides an improved formula for the risk estimation that is based on four factors instead of the classic severity x likelihood formula. Those four factors are:
- Frequency/probability of the so-called Triggering Event
- Effectiveness of the Avoidance Barriers
- Effectiveness of the Recovery Barriers
- Severity of the (most probable) accident outcome
1. The first step is to define the Safety Issue. Once the Safety Issue has been defined, an applicable accident scenario(s) is created.
2. These scenarios can then be risk assessed using SIRA. Typically, the highest risk produced by a scenario becomes the Safety Issue risk value.
3. After finding the Safety Issue risk value, the UOS is determined.
The Undesirable Operational State (UOS) is defined by ARMS as: “The stage in an accident scenario where the scenario has escalated so far that (excluding providence) the accident can be avoided only through successful recovery measure(s). Risk Controls prior to the UOS are part of Avoidance and post-UOS are part of Recovery.”
4. Once the UOS has been defined, we can find the accident outcome scenarios.
SIRA has similarities with Bowtie as both also require defining barriers – avoidance and recovery barriers.
5. First factor is “Frequency/probability of the Triggering Event” or the estimated frequency of the triggering event (per flight sectors).
6. The second and third factors in the SIRA formula are estimates about the effectiveness of the avoidance and recovery barriers.
7. Finally, the fourth factor is the severity of the accident outcome.
A SIRA assessment methodology focuses on the entire event instead of the individual hazard and consequences. Therefore, the SIRA methodology does not use a risk matrix to calculate each defined hazard. The net result is that SIRA cannot be viewed via the heatmap analysis (this requires a score to be populated).
Creating a SIRA Risk Assessment
1. Navigate to the Risk module from the side menu area
2. Click on the ‘Assessments’ tab
3. Click on the ‘+ Add Risk Assessment’ button
4. A Number is auto generated based on the last number used (amend this if required)
5. Enter in a Name for the risk assessment
6. Choose the organisation and Department
7. Under the Assessment Methodology are select SIRA (config required) from the dropdown list
8. Complete the Assessment Recurrence
9. Within the Review Details section input a Reviewer in the reviewer box, add in any Additional Assessors (if configured), choose the confidentiality settings (if required) and enter in an individual within the Sign-off area (only Risk Managers will be available for selection)
10. Click on the ‘Save’ button
Upon saving the risk assessment in placed into an In Progress phase (draft) and the different phases of the risk assessment can be seen on the right-hand side of the screen.
11. Click on the Evaluation section / phase at the side of the screen.
Under the Hazards Summary there are two options
Add Existing SIRA – Uses a template of a previously created SIRA.
Create New SIRA – Creates a new SIRA to use for this risk assessment.
12. Click on the ‘Create New SIRA’ button.
13. Enter a name for the SIRA
The calculations for SIRA are coded into the Centrik system, there are several steps involved that will score the risk associated with this risk assessment based on an Analysis of Accident Scenario and the Analysis of Barriers.
14. The Triggering Event for the Accident, what was the initial cause of the accident
15. Undesirable Operational state, the event that you are trying to avoid
16. Accident Outcome, the worst possible outcome that can occur
17. Barriers to Avoid the UOS (Undesirable Operational State), what is in place to mitigate the UOS
18. Barriers to Avoid The Outcome, what is put in place to mitigate the accident outcome
Complete the above areas in the relevant boxes relating to this risk
The next step in the quantification area, within this section you calculate the risk based on the event frequency, barrier effectiveness and accident severity (select each area from the dropdowns)
Before Completion:
Inputting The event frequency is… and the Barriers will fail to avoid the UOS… will calculate The UOS will occur…
Inputting The barriers will fail in RECOVERING the situation before the ACCIDENT… and The accident severity would be.. will calculate The accident will occur.
19. Once all the information has been inputted click on the ‘Save’ button
After Completion:
This inputted information will generate an Assessment Result.
Optionally, you can input the quantifications after Actions area (if required)
20. Click on the ‘Edit’ button or alternatively click on the Quantification After Actions rea to put the page into edit mode.
21. Input the information regarding any barriers
22. Click on the ‘Save’ button
Moving back to the Evaluation phase you can see the current and the planned assessment scores.
23. Continue to the Decision phase and select the Decision (Continue/Stop) based on the assessment
24. Click on the ‘Save’ button.
25. Click on the ‘Submit for Review’ button
26. Click on the ‘YES’ button (the Risk Manager will receive notification)
27. Risk Manager signs off the Risk assessment inputting a review date and clicking on the ‘OK’ button