Centrik sites can be configured to use SIRA as a methodology for risk assessments.
SIRA is a risk assessment tool for safety issues, that are identified after the data analysis of events by considering four factors instead of the severity x likelihood formula.
A limitation of the severity x likelihood formula is that it does not support taking into account the barriers (i.e. the Risk Controls).
SIRA provides an improved formula for the risk estimation that is based on four factors instead of the classic severity x likelihood formula. Those four factors are:
- Frequency/probability of the so-called Triggering Event
- Effectiveness of the Avoidance Barriers
- Effectiveness of the Recovery Barriers
- Severity of the (most probable) accident outcome
1. The first step is to define the Safety Issue. Once the Safety Issue has been defined, an applicable accident scenario(s) is created.
2. These scenarios can then be risk assessed using SIRA. Typically, the highest risk produced by a scenario becomes the Safety Issue risk value.
3. After finding the Safety Issue risk value, the UOS is determined.
The Undesirable Operational State (UOS) is defined by ARMS as: “The stage in an accident scenario where the scenario has escalated so far that (excluding providence) the accident can be avoided only through successful recovery measure(s). Risk Controls prior to the UOS are part of Avoidance and post-UOS are part of Recovery.”
4. Once the UOS has been defined, we can find the accident outcome scenarios.
SIRA has similarities with Bow-Tie as both also require defining barriers – avoidance and recovery barriers.
5. First factor is “Frequency/probability of the Triggering Event” or the estimated frequency of the triggering event (per flight sectors).
6. The second and third factors in the SIRA formula are estimates about the effectiveness of the avoidance and recovery barriers.
7. Finally, the fourth factor is the severity of the accident outcome.
A SIRA assessment methodology focuses on the entire event instead of the individual hazard and consequences. Therefore the SIRA methodology does not use a risk matrix to calculate each defined hazard. The net result is that SIRA cannot be viewed via the heatmap analysis (this requires a score to be populated).
1. Navigate to the Risk module
2. Click on the ‘Assessments’ button
3. Click on the ‘+Add Assessment’ button
4. Input the Number and title.
5. Choose the organisation and Department.
6. Under the Assessment Methodology are select SIRA (config required) from the dropdown list
7. Complete the Assessment Recurrence
8. Input a Reviewer in the reviewer box
9. Input a Sign-Off in the box provided (only Risk Managers will be available for selection)
10. Click on the ‘Save’ button.
11. Click on the Evaluation chevron at the top of the screen.
Under the Hazards Summary there are two options
Add Existing SIRA – Uses a template of a previously created SIRA.
Create New SIRA – Creates a new SIRA to use for this risk assessment.
12. Click on the ‘Create New SIRA’ button.
13. Enter a name for the SIRA.
14. The calculations for SIRA are coded into the Centrik system, there are a number of steps involved that will score the risk associated with this risk assessment based on;
15. The Triggering Event for the Accident, what was the initial cause of the accident
16. Undesirable Operational state, the event that you are trying to avoid
17. Accident Outcome, the worst possible outcome that can occur
18. Barriers to Avoid the UOS (Undesirable Operational State), what is in place to mitigate the UOS
19. Barriers to Avoid The Outcome, what is put in place to mitigate the accident outcome
Complete the above areas in the relevant boxes relating to this risk
20. Move onto the Quantification area, this will assist you in calculating the risk based on the event frequency, barrier effectiveness and accident severity (select each area from the dropdowns)
(Before Completion)
Inputting The event frequency is… and the Barriers will fail to avoid the UOS… will calculate The UOS will occur…
Inputting The barriers will fail in RECOVERING the situation before the ACCIDENT… and The accident severity would be.. will calculate The accident will occur.
This will generate an Assessment Result
(After Completion)
21. Optionally, you can input the quantifications after Actions area (if required)
22. Click on the ‘Save’ button.
23. Continue to the Decision phase and select the Decision (Continue/Stop) based on the assessment
24. Click on the ‘Save’ button.
25. Click on the ‘Submit for Review’ button (the Risk Manager will receive notification)
26. Risk Manager signs off the Risk assessment.